The role that quantum correlations play in Quantum Information Science and the prospects of new developments and newe applications encourage physicists to search for a deeper understanding of these correlations, and of their non-locality. This thesis follows this line of research. After illustrating their practical applications in the field of Quantum Key Distribution, we present more fundamental studies. We thus analyze two different alternative models for non-local correlations : Leggett's model, and a model that attempt to explain the correlations with some hypothetical superluminal "spooky action at a distance". We also tackle the problem of quantifying the non-locality of quantum correlations, with two different approaches. Finally, we address the intriguing question, wheter the quantum world could somehow be brought closer to our direct perception, and if quantum correlations could be revealed with the naked eye.