This chapter is an attempt to analyse the relationship between Migration and Health from the point of view of migrants and their environment, as well as that of the health care providers embedded in a political and institutional framework.2 Three main arguments are developed. Firstly, we describe the change in post-World War II Europe from the “healthy migrant effect” to the “unhealthy migrant effect”, which secondly coincided with the change from homogenous to heterogeneous societies and in particular from the acculturation perspective to the perspective of difference sensitivity in the provision of health services. Thirdly, we want to give some insights into the differentiation of institutional and political answers to these challenges on health and migration in Europe.