The work undertaken during this Ph.D. consisted in the development of the synthesis but also in the characterization of a recently discovered subclass of amphiphilic biohybrid macromolecules called Giant Amphiphiles. In this manuscript, three new synthetic routes allowed for the first time the efficient, high yielding, and easy synthesis of these Giant Amphiphiles biomacromelecules without tedious purification procedures. This brekthrough in the field allowed the further study of the full potential application of these amphiophilic biohybrid macromolecules in order to create meaningful structures. In this purpose, some of these Giant Amphiphiles have been used to create nanoreactors but also nanocarriers, demonstrating that these new subclass of amphiphilic molecules have a promising future in nanobiotechnologiy and nanomedicine scientific area.