We present the first measurement of two-particle momentum correlations in jets produced in pp collisions at s√=1.96  TeV. Results are obtained for charged particles within a restricted cone with an opening angle of 0.5 radians around the jet axis and for events with dijet masses between 66 and 563  GeV/c2. A comparison of the experimental data to theoretical predictions obtained for partons within the framework of resummed perturbative QCD in the next-to-leading log approximation shows that the parton momentum correlations survive the hadronization stage of jet fragmentation, giving further support to the hypothesis of local parton-hadron duality. The extracted value of the next-to-leading-log-approximation parton shower cutoff scale Qeff set equal to ΛQCD is found to be (1.4+0.9−0.7)×100  MeV.