Optimal treatment of groin hernia is a primary public health concern. The inguinal hernia is associated with dysfunctions of the collagen matrix of genetic or acquired origin. Recurrence rate after hernia surgery without mesh reinforcement is estimated at 10-15%. The use of mesh decreases the risk of recurrence by between 50 and 70%. The open techniques (Lichtenstein and derived) are easy to learn, feasible with local anaesthesia and in outpatient setting but they produce chronic pain and sexual disorders. Laparoscopic surgery produces less acute and chronic pain, allows a faster return to the daily activities and allows better cosmetic results. Well codified and taught, the laparoscopy has an important role to play in hernia surgery today as well as in the future.