As part of the first hospital-wide hand hygiene campaign at Hue General Hospital, Vietnam, we audited hand hygiene compliance following health care worker education and the introduction of alcohol-based handrub. Alcohol-based handrub was chosen more frequently than plain soap and water (83% and 17%, respectively; P = .0001). Hand hygiene compliance averaged 47% (1,310 actions/2,813 opportunities; 95% confidence interval: 45%-48%) with markedly different rates among departments, ranging from 5% to 69% (P = .0001).