Inelastic neutron scattering is used to measure the spin excitation spectrum of the Heisenberg S = 1/2 ladder material (C7H10N)2CuBr4 in its entirety, both in the gapped spin liquid and the magnetic field- induced Tomonaga-Luttinger spin liquid regimes. A fundamental change of the spin dynamics is observed between these two regimes. Density matrix renormalization group calculations quantitatively reproduce and help understand the observed commensurate and incommensurate excitations. The results validate long-standing quantum field-theoretical predictions but also test the limits of that approach.