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English

Cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s: focus on substrate-initiated co-polymerization

Contributors

Bang, Eun Kyoung; Ward, Sandra Marie; Gasparini, Giulio; Sakai, Naomi; Matile, Stefan

Published in

Polymer chemistry, vol. 5, no. 7, p. 2433-2441

Publication date

2014

Abstract

Outperforming cell-penetrating peptides, cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s are attracting increasing attention. Recently we have shown that cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s can be grown directly on substrates of free choice before delivery and depolymerized right afterwards. These unique characteristics are compatible with the general, non-toxic, traceless yet covalent delivery of substrates in an unmodified form. The objective of this study was to elaborate on substrate-initiated co-polymerization. The original propagators contain a strained disulfide for ring-opening disulfide-exchange polymerization and a guanidinium cation to assure cell-penetrating activity. Here, we report individually optimized conditions to polymerize these original propagators together with several other propagators. The nature of these new propagators significantly affected polymerization efficiency and conditions as well as size, polydispersity and transport activity of the final co-polymers. According to gel permeation chromatography, the length of co-polymers increases with hydrophobicity, bulk and valency of the co-propagators, whereas ion pairing with boronates gives shorter co-polymers and branching increases polydispersity. The activity of co-polymers increases with length, π-acidity, superhydrophobicity and boronate counterions. Hydrophobicity, π-basicity, bulk and branching appear less important for activity in fluorogenic vesicles. The here reported design, synthesis and evaluation of substrate-initiated co-polymers will be essential to find the best cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s.

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Citation (ISO format)

BANG, Eun Kyoung et al. Cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s: focus on substrate-initiated co-polymerization. In: Polymer chemistry, 2014, vol. 5, n° 7, p. 2433–2441. doi: 10.1039/c3py01570j

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Article (Published version)
Article (Accepted version)
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Identifiers

Additional URL for this publication

http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c3py01570j

Journal ISSN

1759-9954
694views
377downloads

Technical informations

Creation

06/03/2014 09:46:00

First validation

06/03/2014 09:46:00

Update

13/10/2025 22:57:40

Status update

14/03/2023 21:00:56

Last indexation

16/02/2026 06:57:06
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