In collaboration with the Strong, HIV positive, Empowered Women (SHE) programme, an industry-funded initiative aimed at improving the quality of life of HIV-positive women, Antiviral Therapy has taken the excellent step to dedicate a Supplement Issue addressing the needs and challenges related to the care of women living in Europe. Included articles present the multiple facets of gender-specific issues and research gaps, ranging from HIV testing strategies to antiretroviral combination therapy, including long-term challenges associated with chronic HIV infection.