The present paper analyzes language policy implementation among different ethnic groups in PRC, with a focus on minority language acquisition through bilingual education. Its objectives are twofold. First, it identifies factors which possibly explain implementation differences across minorities. For the analysis, six minorities have been chosen as representative. Second, a theoretical model is applied to the cases. According to this model there are three necessary conditions for language use : Capacity, Opportunity and Desire (COD). The paper analyzes current COD conditions among minorities and suggests viable options to better reach the official language policy goals set by Chinese authorities, which are to promote to use of the majority language (Putonghua) and to allow the development and use of minority languages.