Epigastric pains are currently one of the most frequent reasons of clinic visits in ambulatory medicine, generating high direct and indirect costs each year. Corresponding to pains in the epigastric area, they result from different underlying diseases such as gastro-esophageal reflux, dyspepsia and peptic ulcers. If the role of Helicobacter pylori is well defined in the pathogenesis of gastro-duodenal ulcers, its implication in dyspepsia is less clear. The Maastricht IV Consensus recommends to test and treat Helicobacter pylori among patients with dyspepsia and no alarm symptoms.