Tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequent opportunistic infection in patients infected by the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The mortality related to this co-infection can be reduced by the early introduction of an antiretroviral treatment. However, when treating subjects with TB and HIV, interactions between antiretroviral and tuberculostatic treatments can be problematic; also, these patients may develop, under treatment, an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This review aims to summarize the necessary therapeutic adjustments which should be performed when treating patients co-infected with TB and HIV, the most important interactions between HIV and TB treatments, and the medical management of the IRIS.