Organ transplantation and post-transplant diabetes mellitus Organ transplantation is an important and rapidly progressing field in medical care. The introduction of chemical immunosuppression with corticosteroids and 6-mercaptopurin in the 1960s enabled transplantations between non-identical individuals.1 Since then, several classes of antirejection drugs have been developed: the inhibitors of DNA synthesis, the inhibitors of cytokine production, cytokine binding or cytokine receptor signal transduction and the inhibitors of antigen presenting cell differentiation or function. Today, standard immunosuppression for transplant patients consists of a tritherapy of corticosteroids, a calcineurin inhibitor (inhibitor of cytokine production) and mycophenolate mofetil (inhibitor of DNA synthesis).2 The tritherapy has shown optimal results in terms of reducing incidence of acute rejection episodes and providing better long-term allograft outcome. Today, with the use of these drugs, the incidence of acute rejection is approximately 5-10%.3