In this thesis, we investigate the architecture and evolution of the Zagros fold-thrust belt foreland basin system in time and space during the Neogene by measuring the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the marine deposits and creating 3D geological-structural modelling. The results show that tectonics played a significant role in controlling stratigraphy by changing the amount of accommodation space and sediment supply. The created accommodation space is completely filled due to a high sediment supply in the western part of the Zagros as a result of high rates of surface processes in a narrow zone of deformation linked to a strong basal detachment and relatively wet climatic conditions. In contrast, the eastern part is remained underfilled because of a smaller sediment supply due to the basal Hormuz salt, which leads to a wide deformation belt with low topography, low surface slopes and subsequently low sediment supply, along with drier climatic conditions.