Phospholipids constitute the major components of a cell membrane and are subdivised in two major classes: glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids. While a great variety of phospholipids exists due to the particularity of their hydrophobic chain (saturation, chain length, number of chains) and their hydrophilic headgroup (phosphate, phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine), the region between the two parts remain quite common. It is always a glycerol or a 2-amino-1,3-propanediol backbone. This thesis was mainly focused on the synthesis and characterization of lipids with nitrogen-bearing interfaces in order to create new materials for biomedical applications. In the first part of the thesis, the introduction of diamino groups at the interface allowed us to prepare the first phospholipids polymerizable at the interface thank to amine groups. “Clickable” phospholipids with natural interfaces were also made. In the second part of the thesis, the possibility to create and to characterize hydrogen bonds on the backbone was explored thank to fluorescent phospholipids, N-acylethanolamine (NAEs) and double-tail surfactants.