Having suffered until 1860s from structural marginalization inside the Habsburg Empire the small Czech Protestant minority entered the 20th century with a clear social, cultural and demographical delay. Profiting both financially and intellectually from intense contacts with Western co-religionists, the Czech Protestants succeeded however in rapidly producing their own economic and cultural elites claiming central position in the Czech national community. In depth analysis of the evolution of the position of the Czech Protestant milieu between the centre and periphery of the national life and, in the same time, at the interface of the Protestant European networks enables us to address on one hand questions concerning the evolution of the Czech society inside the secularizing European modernity and, on the other, to examine changing forms of mobilization of a confessional minority striving for maintaining its social relevance.