Medical errors result in 44,000 to 98,000 deaths per year in the United States of America. Within the surgical specialties, half of these errors occur in the operating room. The origin of these errors is multifactorial, and is generally associated with problems in communication and teamwork. In order to improve safety in the operating room, many hospitals now propose to the medical staff "crew resource management" (CRM) training programs inspired by the aviation industry. This approach favors a better utilization of surgical checklists, improves efficiency during chirurgical interventions, and reduces patient mortality. In October 2009 we introduced a CRM course within the department of surgery at the Geneva University Hospitals. We are presenting this program as well as the first results following its application.