The incidence of oropharyngeal cancers is rising worldwide in both nonsmokers and nondrinkers. Epidemiology studies suggest a strong association between human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection, changing sexual behavior and cancer development. Despite initial presentation with locally advanced disease and poorly differentiated histology, HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma is associated with a good prognosis because its response to chemotherapy and radiation. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of oropharyngeal cancer in young people to avoid unnecessary delay in diagnosis and treatment. A history of oral sex should be elicited in young patients with enlarged neck nodes and/or tonsillar masses.