Surgery and anaesthesia of the respiratory ill children were in the past systematically postponed till complete disappearance of symptoms. We'll pay more attention about this. According to latest data children with upper respiratory tract infections are at increased risk for postoperative complications till 6 weeks after the disease. Respiratory events in these children are increased after general anaesthesia but there is little residual morbidity observed. Cancellation of the surgery involves important emotional, social and economic consequences for the child, his parents and the hospital. Any well defined consensus doesn't exist. The anaesthetic management of any children with upper respiratory tract infection is a real challenge and must be made on a case by case. We'll try to review some evidence-based guidelines for decision making in daily practise.