Gender is a major determinant of mental health, influencing the risk of exposure to mental disorders, clinical manifestations and access to care. Women are overrepresented in internalized disorders (depression, anxiety, social media addiction), while men are overrepresented in externalized disorders (substances, suicide, gambling disorder) and norms of toxic masculinity. The Gender Equality Index 2025 shows stagnation in the field of health, highlighting the urgency of integrating a gender-sensitive and intersectional perspective to meet the specific needs, especially in the face of emerging challenges. This article presents the key principles of the normative framework on gender and mental health developed by the UN and the WHO, integrating clinical specificities in different contexts.