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A JWST, ALMA and VLA survey of the Ophiuchus-A star-forming region: Unveiling hidden dust mass and connecting infrared outflows to their radio origins

First online date2026-07-16
Abstract

We present an infrared, millimetre, and radio survey of 20 Class 0-III young stellar objects in the Ophiuchus A L1688 star-forming cluster, combining high-resolution (7-25 au) VLA and JWST observations with archival ALMA data. We implement physically motivated models to derive dust and ionised gas properties, spectral behaviour and their relative contributions through the millimetre-centimetre radio spectral energy distribution. Our models reveal circumstellar dust disks that are, on average, tens to hundreds of times more massive than millimetre-only estimates (subject to uncertainties arising from the choice of dust opacity) and contain millimetre-sized grains even at the Class 0 stage. Owing to the VLA's high resolution we are able to connect outflows to their origins, detecting protostellar jet emission on scales of 10s-1000s au. Our results represent a homogeneous characterisation of the dust and ionised gas properties in Ophiuchus and present a potential solution to the long-standing 'missing disk mass' problem. However, our understanding is still limited by resolution and sensitivity at frequencies <40 GHz. Future facilities like the SKA and ngVLA are needed to provide the necessary capabilities to fully spatially resolve this emission (<0.18") even in one of the closest star-forming regions.

Keywords
  • Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
  • Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
  • FOS: Physical sciences
Citation (ISO format)
RADLEY, Isaac C. et al. A JWST, ALMA and VLA survey of the Ophiuchus-A star-forming region: Unveiling hidden dust mass and connecting infrared outflows to their radio origins. 2026. doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2607.15468
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Creation23/07/2026 00:31:05
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