Scientific article
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English

Can LLMs Turn French PET/CT Narrative Reports into Structured Knowledge ?

Published inStudies in health technology and informatics, vol. 336, p. 283-287
Publication date2026-05-21
Abstract

This study evaluates large language models (LLMs) for information extraction from French PET/CT reports related to cognitive impairment, focusing on descriptive patterns of cerebral metabolism, perfusion and uptake for three radiotracers, as well as interpretative patterns (Braak stage, positivity and diagnosis). A corpus of 620 annotated reports from the Geneva University Hospitals was used to test two recent open-weight models: GPT-OSS (120B), a multilingual generalist model, and NuExtract 2.0 (8B), smaller but specialized in structured data extraction. Both were applied in zero- and few-shot settings using a clustering-based shot selection. GPT-OSS achieved superior accuracy but required 6 times more computation time. Results support the feasibility of applying multilingual LLMs to French clinical narratives, preferably using a larger model (120B) and few-shot examples. These findings warrant further confirmation studies with fine-tuning and encourage extending the approach to diagnosis prediction.

Keywords
  • PET/CT
  • Clinical French
  • Information extraction
  • Large language models
Citation (ISO format)
GOLDMAN, Jean-Philippe et al. Can LLMs Turn French PET/CT Narrative Reports into Structured Knowledge ? In: Studies in health technology and informatics, 2026, vol. 336, p. 283–287. doi: 10.3233/SHTI260162
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Additional URL for this publicationhttps://ebooks.iospress.nl/doi/10.3233/SHTI260162
Journal ISSN0926-9630
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Creation01/06/2026 08:44:27
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Update01/07/2026 08:07:28
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