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Enhancing generalization in high-energy physics using white-box adversarial attacks

Published inPhysical review. D, vol. 112, no. 1
First online date2025-07-07
Abstract

Machine learning is becoming increasingly popular in the context of particle physics. Supervised learning, which uses labeled Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, remains one of the most widely used methods for discriminating signals beyond the Standard Model. However, this paper suggests that supervised models may depend excessively on artifacts and approximations from Monte Carlo simulations, potentially limiting their ability to generalize well to real data. This study aims to enhance the generalization properties of supervised models by reducing the sharpness of local minima. It reviews the application of four distinct white-box adversarial attacks in the context of classifying Higgs boson decay signals. The attacks are divided into weight-space attacks and feature-space attacks. To study and quantify the sharpness of different local minima, this paper presents two analysis methods: gradient ascent and reduced Hessian eigenvalue analysis. The results show that white-box adversarial attacks significantly improve generalization performance, albeit with increased computational complexity.

Citation (ISO format)
ROTHEN, Franck Alexis et al. Enhancing generalization in high-energy physics using white-box adversarial attacks. In: Physical review. D, 2025, vol. 112, n° 1. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.112.016004
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Additional URL for this publicationhttps://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.112.016004
Journal ISSN2470-0010
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