Hematological malignancies, such as lymphoma or leukemia, can lead to various pulmonary complications related to the disease itself or its treatment. Although there has been significant advancement in the management of these patients over the past two decades, more than half will develop pulmonary complications. Among those cases, one-quarter will be of noninfectious etiology [1]. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become a mainstay of treatment in various hematological diseases, including aplastic anemia, high-risk acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myelofibrosis. Despite major advances in HSCT, patients must often manage multiple infectious and noninfectious complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which can involve the lungs in a variety of ways. Thus, pulmonologists should be aware of the potential pulmonary complications that can occur and their treatment. In this chapter, we briefly review nontransplant- and transplant-related noninfectious pulmonary complications of hematological malignancies with a particular focus on late noninfectious pulmonary complications occurring after allogeneic HSCT, including bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.