This thesis investigates the role of airborne fungal spores in grapevine disease dynamics, with the aim of improving disease forecasting and supporting more sustainable viticulture. Focusing on downy mildew, powdery mildew and grey mould, it combines conventional spore trapping, multiplex qPCR, real-time holographic detection and statistical modelling. The work validates complementary approaches for monitoring airborne pathogen inoculum in vineyards and demonstrates the potential of real-time spore data to refine fungicide application strategies. It further improves the prediction of primary downy mildew infections by modelling oospore maturation from more than twenty years of climatic observations. Beyond targeted pathogens, the thesis explores fungal diversity in vineyard air, rainwater and the lower stratosphere. Overall, it shows that integrating biological monitoring with weather-based models can enhance disease risk assessment and contribute to more precise, climate-adapted plant protection strategies.