This dissertation addresses global challenges in wastewater treatment, including urbanization, climate change, and limited access to safe sanitation. It evaluates vermifiltration, a low-cost, decentralized technology, as a sustainable solution for domestic wastewater treatment. The research aimed to (i) assess long-term treatment performance, (ii) identify optimal design and operational parameters, and (iii) evaluate removal of emerging contaminants and reuse potential. Two full-scale vermifilters and six pilot-scale systems were studied. Results show high organic matter removal (≈75% for BOD₅, COD, TSS) and stable operation under low loading rates, but limited and variable nutrient removal (<30%). Hydraulic loading rate emerged as the key performance driver, influencing efficiency and emissions. Pilot systems reasonably predicted full-scale organic removal but overestimated nitrogen removal. Micropollutant removal was effective, though heavy metal removal was negligible. Overall, vermifiltration is a robust and viable technology in temperate climates, though post-treatment and improved nutrient management are required for broader implementation.