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NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period

ContributorsCollaboration
Published inAstronomy & astrophysics, vol. 706, A278
Publication date2026-02
First online date2026-02-19
Abstract

We present an updated characterization of the planetary system orbiting the nearby M2 dwarf GJ 3090 (TOI-177; d =22 pc), based on new high-precision radial velocity (RV) observations from NIRPS and HARPS. With an orbital period of 2.85 d, the transiting sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b has a mass we refine to 4.52 ± 0.47 M , which, combined with our derived radius of 2.18 ± 0.06 R , yields a density of 2.40 −0.30 +0.33 g∉cm −3 . The combined interior structure and atmospheric constraints indicate that GJ 3090 b is a compelling water-world candidate, with a volatile-rich envelope in which water likely represents a significant fraction. We also confirm the presence of a second planet, GJ 3090 c, a sub-Neptune with a 15.9 d orbit and a minimum mass of 10.0 ± 1.3 M , which does not transit. Despite its proximity to the star’s 18 d rotation period, our joint analysis using a multidimensional Gaussian process (GP) model that incorporates TESS photometry and differential stellar temperature measurements distinguishes this planetary signal from activity-induced variability. In addition, we place new constraints on a non-transiting planet candidate with a period of 12.7 d, suggested in earlier RV analyses. This candidate remains a compelling target for future monitoring. These results highlight the crucial role of multidimensional GP modelling in disentangling planetary signals from stellar activity, enabling the detection of a planet near the stellar rotation period that could have remained undetected with traditional approaches.

Citation (ISO format)
Collaboration. NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period. In: Astronomy & astrophysics, 2026, vol. 706, p. A278. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202556887
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Additional URL for this publicationhttps://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556887
Journal ISSN0004-6361
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