Scientific article
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Emergent time, cosmological constant and boundary dimension at infinity in combinatorial quantum gravity

Published inThe journal of high energy physics, vol. 04, no. 4
Publication date2022
First online date2022-04-05
Abstract

Combinatorial quantum gravity is governed by a discrete Einstein-Hilbert action formulated on an ensemble of random graphs. There is strong evidence for a second-order quantum phase transition separating a random phase at strong coupling from an ordered, geometric phase at weak coupling. Here we derive the picture of space-time that emerges in the geometric phase, given such a continuous phase transition. In the geometric phase, ground-state graphs are discretizations of Riemannian, negative-curvature Cartan-Hadamard manifolds. On such manifolds, diffusion is ballistic. Asymptotically, diffusion time is soldered with a manifold coordinate and, consequently, the probability distribution is governed by the wave equation on the corresponding Lorentzian manifold of positive curvature, de Sitter space-time. With this asymptotic Lorentzian picture, the original negative curvature of the Riemannian manifold turns into a positive cosmological constant. The Lorentzian picture, however, is valid only asymptotically and cannot be extrapolated back in coordinate time. Before a certain epoch, coordinate time looses its meaning and the universe is a negative-curvature Riemannian “shuttlecock” with ballistic diffusion, thereby avoiding a big bang singularity. The emerging coordinate time leads to a de Sitter version of the holographic principle relating the bulk isometries with boundary conformal transformations. While the topological boundary dimension is (D − 1), the so-called “dimension at infinity” of negative curvature manifolds, i.e. the large-scale spectral dimension seen by diffusion processes with no spectral gap, those that can probe the geometry at infinity, is always three.

Keywords
  • Models of Quantum Gravity
  • Lattice Models of Gravity
  • Phase: geometrical
  • Dimension: spectral
  • Space-time: de Sitter
  • Action: Einstein-Hilbert
  • Dimension: 2
  • Time: emergence
  • Big bang: singularity
  • Gap: spectral
  • Diffusion
  • Curvature
  • Quantum gravity
  • Critical phenomena
  • Higher-order: 2
  • Cosmological constant
  • Geometry
  • Ground state
  • Topological
  • Weak coupling
  • Surface
  • Conformal
  • Strong coupling
  • Graph theory
  • Model: random
  • Riemann
  • Lorentz
  • Asymptotic behavior
Citation (ISO format)
TRUGENBERGER, Carlo Andréa. Emergent time, cosmological constant and boundary dimension at infinity in combinatorial quantum gravity. In: The journal of high energy physics, 2022, vol. 04, n° 4. doi: 10.1007/JHEP04(2022)019
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Article (Published version)
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Additional URL for this publicationhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP04(2022)019
Journal ISSN1029-8479
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