Introduction : In Cameroon, there is still no structured national programme for the prevention of oral diseases. This study seeks to identify oral diseases and hygiene practices among patients consulting in Edéa in order to build a database that can be used to plan preventive and curative interventions.

Methodology : This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2025 on patients aged 16 years and older who consulted the stomatology department of the Edéa Regional Annex Hospital (HRAE). The Silness and Löe, Miller and CAO indices were used.

Results : We registered 332 patients. The most represented age group was 16 to 35 years old (56%) with a male to female ratio of 1.06. 66.3% of patients brushed their teeth twice a day, but only 29.5% had ever had their teeth scaled. Oral health knowledge was considered adequate in 54.5% of subjects. Dental diseases (59.6%), periodontal diseases (38.8%) and caries complications (33.1%) were the main conditions observed. The median CAO index was 3 [IQR 1–5]. Pain remained the main reason for consultation (77.1%), and simple extraction was the most common therapeutic procedure (89.2%). Conclusion : These results reveal a significant disease burden and a lack of prevention. They highlight the need to increase community awareness, improve access to conservative care and develop a national oral health programme in Cameroon.