Background: Unfavorable immediate or delayed results after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may be a consequence of bioprosthesis malfunctioning, malpositioning, embolization, or degeneration. Deployment of a second valve within the first one implanted (TAVI-in-TAV) may be a potentially helpful therapeutic strategy.

Methods: Six out of 412 patients undergoing TAVI had TAVI-in-TAV implantation for the treatment of a too high (n = 4) or too low position (n = 2) of the first implanted valve.

Results: All TAVI-in-TAV procedures were successfully performed. The calculated valve area after second valve implantation was 1.6 ± 0.3 cm(2) with a mean gradient of 7.3 ± 2.2 mm Hg. Residual aortic regurgitation (AR) was mild in 5 patients and moderate in 1. At mid-term follow-up (30-724 days) neither the mean valve area (1.47 ± 0.31 cm(2)), the mean gradient (7.5 ± 3.6 mm Hg; 3.0-13.0 mm Hg) nor the degree of AR had changed significantly.

Conclusion: TAVI-in-TAV for correction of malpositioned or embolized valves is technically feasible and leads to favorable functional results during mid-term follow-up.