Despite extensive clinical research, no disease-modifying treatment has been proven to alter the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, recent decades have seen significant advances in understanding its underlying neurodegenerative mechanisms, revealing new therapeutic targets. Immunotherapy, antisense oligonucleotides, and siRNA aim to prevent or reduce pathological protein aggregation and its spread throughout the brain, while cell therapy seeks to restore lost dopaminergic neurons. GLP-1 analogues hold promise for neuro- protection, and growing attention is being given to gut microbiota modulation. While challenges remain, these advances are driving renewed hope for a breakthrough in PD treatment. This article reviews the key strategies currently under investigation.