Premature birth, occurring before 37 weeks of gestation, impacts 13.4 million infants each year, and represents 9.9% of births worldwide. Mortality rates have decreased thanks to improvements in medicine, technology, and pre- and postnatal care; however, long-term consequences continue to be a concern. Among survivors of very preterm birth, 10% develop cerebral palsy, while 35% experience long-term cognitive and socio-emotional issues. The early NICU environment, which is non-physiological, is becoming more recognized as a significant factor in subsequent neurodevelopmental issues. This overview will describe the characteristics of a premature infant's brain and its environment during hospitalization. By examining these characteristics, we can gain insights into how early experiences and environments may influence a child's development and potential challenges later in life. We will explore the impact of the NICU environment and early interventions aimed at alleviating its negative effects, with a particular focus on the potential benefits of music for preterm infants. This manuscript includes three studies, the first one evaluates the short-term effects of a recorded music intervention on the brain development of preterm newborns. The second one assesses the impact of the music intervention on the autonomic nervous system. And the last one explores how music influences neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of life. The following phases of our investigation will focus on finalizing the analysis of the behavioral responses of preterm infants to recorded music. The next study will assess the impact of maternal voice and gamma-enriched soundscape exposure on brain development in preterm infants within the NICU. Furthermore, we will examine the effects of these interventions on the autonomic nervous system. Several quality improvement initiatives will be implemented, including a training program for parents and NICU staff to better understand the behavioral cues of preterm infant behaviors. Additionally, strategies will be developed to improve healthcare communication in neonatology by simulation techniques.