This investigation focus on the study of the Plio-Plesitocene deposits in a zone covering parts of the Quindío, Risaralda and Valle del Cauca departments in Central Colombia. The results can be summarized as follows : In the initial phase, a vast field campaign, a detailed sedimentological study and facies analyses have led to the differentiation of various lithological units within the Zarzal Formation, allowing the stratigraphical redefinition of the Plio-Pleistocene sediments deposited in the northern part of the Cauca Basin, on both sides of the Serranía de Santa Barbara. This sedimentological study has demonstrated the existence of soft-sediment deformations interpreted as seismites. They demonstrate an intense synsedimentary seismic activity during the Plio-Pleistocene. The last part of this research presents a tectonic study at a larger scale than the studied North Cauca Basin. A dextral strike-slip zone has been evidenced. This deformation zone seems to be responsible for the closing of the North Cauca Basin studied here.