Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, primarily driven by atherosclerosis – a chronic inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture can lead to myocardial infarction, and the necessary reperfusion often worsens injury by promoting inflammation and cell death. The NOD like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte infiltration play key roles in both atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels are critical in these inflammatory processes occurring in both diseases. Studies show that Panx1 deletion offers cardio- and atheroprotection, suggesting that Panx1 channel inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy. However, current Panx1 channel inhibitors lack selectivity or plasma stability. Peptidomimetics – structurally modified peptide-based inhibitors mimicking natural peptides or proteins with improved selectivity and stability – might offer a potential solution. The aim of my PhD thesis work was to examine the anti-inflammatory capacities and related cardio- and atheroprotective effects of new stable and selective Panx1 peptidomimetics.