This thesis examines the health of businesses established in the new districts of the Canton of Geneva, based on field research conducted in three recently developed areas: Gare des Eaux-Vives, Belle-Terre (Thônex) and L’Étang (Vernier). The study has a dual objective: to provide an accurate diagnosis of the commercial situation and to analyse the difficulties encountered by local stakeholders during the first years of operation. The research draws on direct observations, interviews with shopkeepers, property managers, developers and public institutions. It highlights recurring weaknesses: low initial footfall due to the gradual arrival of residents, high set-up costs, mismatch between supply and local demand, competition from online retail and a lack of urban activity. Beyond these findings, the thesis identifies potential levers to improve commercial integration: adapting planning processes, supporting business launches and strengthening attractiveness strategies. The results contribute to informing public policies and planning practices aimed at consolidating the economic and social vitality of new districts.