Considering the growing interconnection between climate and health crises, two complementary conceptual frameworks are emerging in the humanitarian field. The “One health” approach integrates human, animal and ecosystem health into a unified vision of health issues, while the “Planetary health” approach has a more comprehensive view of the impact of human activities on the living world. These two approaches, despite their differences in implementation, share a systemic vision that enables us to respond to complex crises by promoting prevention and health equity, while preserving essential ecological balances.