Anthropological research has always sought to understand the lifestyle and health of ancient populations through the study of their material and biological remains. In this paper we will touch on an essential component of this research, which lies in the analysis of a dental pathology, LPCH, with the aim of contributing to the understanding of the living conditions, dietary habits, and environmental exposures of ancient populations.

LPCH is a dental pathology manifested by a defect in enamel formation on decidual canines. The disorder is characterized by grooves, pits, or demineralized areas visible on the tooth surface resulting from a disruption during the enamel development phase.

We will focus on the study of LPCH in Middle Neolithic non-adults in the Swiss Valais, a region rich in archaeological remains, studying the populations of Barmaz I, Barmaz II, Sion-Ritz and Sion-Collines. The goal of this research is to identify and analyze variations in the prevalence, location, and morphology of LPCH. The aim is to identify significant trends that may shed light on our understanding of the living conditions of non-adults in these populations and the environmental exposures that may have affected their health status.