Prospective Memory (PM) represents a central cognitive ability that enables individuals to remember to perform intended actions in the future, such as remembering to bring completed homework to school, to pay bills on time, or to take medication after breakfast. Due to its importance for everyday functioning, PM has been associated with outcomes such as academic achievement, personal safety and well-being, or development and maintenance of autonomy across the lifespan. This chapter summarizes the current state of the art in research on PM delineating the four phases of forming, retaining, initiating and executing a prospective intention. It synthesizes key theoretical accounts within the PM literature, elucidating how PM tasks are performed and the cognitive processes necessary for their fulfillment. Additionally, it provides an overview of influential factors affecting PM performance, encompassing task-related elements (such as setting and inherent characteristics) and individual differences (including age and cognitive abilities). Addressing recent advancements in the theoretical and empirical understanding of PM, the chapter explores the pivotal role of metacognition in facilitating successful PM and investigates the nuanced interplay between time-based PM, time perception, and time-monitoring. Furthermore, future research directions are proposed. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of PM, the chapter concludes by advocating a novel integrative framework incorporating recent theoretical and empirical advances in PM research.