Background: This study aims to delineate anatomical landmarks crucial for complete mesocolic excision, focusing on Gerota’s fascia, which guides surgical dissection in right-sided colon cancer, forming the posterior limit. Employing a multimodal approach, the research aims to understand the fascial anatomy and its variations under pathological conditions.

Methods: Three methods were applied: a pilot dissection on an embalmed cadaver for clear anatomical presentation of prerenal fascia, Mimics segmentation of the fascia and its relationship with the colon, and a retrospective analysis of MDCTA scans from 196 patients (mean age 65.73 y, 118 F/78 M). Systematic measurements of fascial thickness were taken at key renal levels—upper pole, hilum, lower pole, and infra-renal. Covariates analyzed included Body Mass Index, age, and sex.

Results: The pilot dissection revealed the renal fascia of Gerota as the only true retrocolic compact connective tissue and the fusion fascia of Toldt as a mesh of strands of loose connective tissue and fat lobules. MDCTA showed clearer visualization of Gerota’s fascia at the hilum and inferior renal pole, predominantly on the left. There were significant differences in fascial thickness between sides (1.30 mm on the right and 1.34 mm on the left) and a positive correlation with BMI, whereas age and sex showed no significant effects.

Conclusion: Gerota’s fascia is a critical anatomical landmark in CME for right colon cancer. This study highlights the fascia’s structural integrity, unaffected by the tumor, underscoring its importance in surgical navigation.