Headache is a common complaint in the postpartum period and is benign in most cases. Physiological adaptations during pregnancy and childbirth put women at risk of secondary headaches and the clinician must be able to identify them at an early stage. The management algorithm described in this article provides a systematic assessment based on 4 key points: the clinical presentation, which refers to specific clinical pictures or severity criteria, the clinical context and the evolution of symptoms focusing on potential complications and known associations between different diseases. Indications for imaging (CT or MRI) and possible treatments during breastfeeding are also detailed.