Bacterial antibiotic resistance in different bacterial strains has been recognized for several decades as a world-wide problem. This is an alarming situation with still few alternatives to fight against. To face this problem, different aspects of antibiotic resistance have been considered such as identifying the bacterial molecular pathways leading to the development of resistance, identifying factors contributing to the spread of resistant bacteria, or finding alternatives for clinical treatment and clinical diagnostics. This Privat–Docent thesis compiles the efforts of my research programme that contributes to this world-wide problem. The never-ending history of bacterial antibiotic resistance is the result of its incredible capacity to continuously react and adapt to antibiotic attack. Bacteria use different strategic defences based on selection of gene resistant mutations or other mechanisms such as the unbelievable induction of their own metabolic dormancy. By applying several basic or innovative molecular techniques, such as nEMOTE, whole genome sequencing, ribosome profiling, RNA-seq, transmission and fluorescence microscopy techniques, we discovered a novel arsenal of weapons probably used in Staphylococcus aureus defence. We propose protein aggregation, degradation, and secretion systems, oxidative stress, cell-wall modification systems or even modulation of endoribonucleolytic enzymes or ribosome hibernation, as incredible defence weapons used by S. aureus to avoid antibiotic attack. Our scientific contribution allows us to propose new diagnostic tools and open several pathways for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.