Investing in human capital is one of the keys to sustainable and equitable development. The road to inclusive growth is paved with tackling inequalities in gender, geography and the rural-urban divide. Human capital investment, particularly through education, is critical to overcoming these challenges. This research highlights the transformative power of human capital investment across multiple realms. Using empirical models of causal analysis, it explores the relationship between education policies and socioeconomic outcomes, examining how education policies affect educational attainment, labor market dynamics, economic development, as well as marriage patterns. By dissecting these relationships, the study aims to show how human capital investment through education promotes sustainable development. Specific chapters examine the impact of educational interventions such as regional affirmative action and college expansion programs, highlighting their role in societal progress. It also underscores the fundamental importance of basic and tertiary education in laying the foundation for future human capital development by impacting labour market. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to academic knowledge and provide actionable insights for policymakers navigating the complexities of human capital reform for equitable and sustainable development.