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Observation of 1/k4-Tails after Expansion of Bose-Einstein Condensates with Impurities

Published inPhysical review letters, vol. 130, no. 15, p. 153401
Publication date2023-04-12
First online date2023-04-12
Abstract

We measure the momentum density in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with dilute spin impurities after an expansion in the presence of interactions. We observe tails decaying as 1/𝑘4 at large momentum 𝑘 in the condensate and in the impurity cloud. These algebraic tails originate from the impurity-BEC interaction, but their amplitudes greatly exceed those expected from two-body contact interactions at equilibrium in the trap. Furthermore, in the absence of impurities, such algebraic tails are not found in the BEC density measured after the interaction-driven expansion. These results highlight the key role played by impurities when present, a possibility that had not been considered in our previous work [Chang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 235303 (2016)]. Our measurements suggest that these unexpected algebraic tails originate from the nontrivial dynamics of the expansion in the presence of impurity-bath interactions.

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CAYLA, Hugo et al. Observation of 1/k4-Tails after Expansion of Bose-Einstein Condensates with Impurities. In: Physical review letters, 2023, vol. 130, n° 15, p. 153401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.153401
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Journal ISSN0031-9007
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