This thesis comprises five publications illustrating aspects of the application of neuroimaging studies in different kinds of pathologies and their contribution to the diagnostic approach in adults and the paediatric population. The aim of this selected work is to improve awareness of the numerous applications of neuroradiology, in order to achieve the best medical outcomes for patients. The benefit of choosing the appropriate neuroimaging modality under expert guidance is more likely to lead to a precise diagnosis, resulting in timely and appropriate treatment.