This deliverable (D5.1) provides a comparative overview of governance frameworks that have enabled the initiation, planning, design and implementation of NBS across three successful NBS cases: i) mitigating flood risk through the restoration of the Isar River in Munich, Germany; ii) halting deforestation and encouraging afforestation as measures to reduce flood/landslide risk in the Wolong Nature Reserve, China; and iii) reducing landslide risk with natural measures in Nocera Inferiore, Italy. All case studies address two main questions:

• How do public authorities and other stakeholders view the success of implemented NBS in terms of their main benefits and co-benefits?

• What pre-existing conditions (external to the project) and new and potentially innovative factors helped enable the NBS?