Anthropologists suggest examining written material issued by or negotiated within international organizations (IOs) as “assemblages of discourses and practices, following their trajectories and histories” (Müller 2013: 8). Observation of multilateral negotiation processes, international conferences, and summits reveals how international agreements are being crafted and allows exploring the complex settings in which these processes take place. The method thus provides unique insights into the dynamics of multilateralism, generating a wealth of research data. While scholars tend to distinguish between direct (passive) and participant (active) observation, we focus in this chapter on the former (see chapter 2—Participant Observation).