The measurement of $K^{*}(892)^0$ resonance production via its $K^{+}\pi ^{-}$ decay mode in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158 $\text{ Ge }\text{ V }\!/\!c$ ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=17.3$ $\text{ Ge }\text{ V }$) is presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The template method was used to extract the $K^{*}(892)^0$ signal and double-differential transverse momentum and rapidity spectra were obtained. The full phase-space mean multiplicity of $K^{*}(892)^0$ mesons was found to be $(78.44 \pm 0.38 \mathrm {(stat)} \pm 6.0 \mathrm {(sys)) \cdot 10^{-3}}$. The NA61/SHINEresults are compared with the Epos1.99 and Hadron Resonance Gas models as well as with world data from p+p and nucleus–nucleus collisions.