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Human pegivirus-1 replication influences NK cell reconstitution after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Published inFrontiers in immunology, vol. 13, 1060886
Errata
Publication date2022
First online date2023-01-11
Abstract

Introduction: Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) is a so-called commensal virus for which no known associated organ disease has been found to date. Yet, it affects immune-reconstitution as previously studied in the HIV population, in whom active co-infection with HPgV-1 can modulate T and NK cell activation and differentiation leading to a protective effect against the evolution of the disease. Little is known on the effect of HPgV-1 on immune-reconstitution in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients, a patient population in which we and others have previously reported high prevalence of HPgV-1 replication. The aim of this study was to compare the immune reconstitution after allo-HSCT among HPgV-1-viremic and HPgV-1-non-viremic patients.

Methods: Within a cohort study of 40 allo-HSCT patients, 20 allo-HSCT recipients positive in plasma sample for HPgV-1 by rRT-PCR during the first year (1, 3, 6, 12 months) after transplantation were matched with 20 allo-HSCT recipients negative for HPgV-1. T and NK cell reconstitution was monitored by flow cytometry in peripheral blood samples from allo-HSCT recipients at the same time points.

Results: We observed no significant difference in the absolute number and subsets proportions of CD4 and CD8 T cells between patient groups at any analysed timepoint. We observed a significantly higher absolute number of NK cells at 3 months among HPgV-1-viremic patients. Immunophenotypic analysis showed a significantly higher proportion of CD56brightNK cells mirrored by a reduced percentage of CD56dimNK cells in HPgV-1-positive patients during the first 6 months after allo-HSCT. At 6 months post-allo-HSCT, NK cell phenotype significantly differed depending on HPgV-1, HPgV-1-viremic patients displaying NK cells with lower CD16 and CD57 expression compared with HPgV-1-negative patients. In accordance with their less differentiated phenotype, we detected a significantly reduced expression of granzyme B in NK cells in HPgV-1-viremic patients at 6 months.

Discussion: Our study shows that HPgV-1-viremic allo-HSCT recipients displayed an impaired NK cell, but not T cell, immune-reconstitution compared with HPgV-1-non-viremic patients, revealing for the first time a potential association between replication of the non-pathogenic HPgV-1 virus and immunomodulation after allo-HSCT.

Keywords
  • CD16
  • CD57
  • NK cell
  • Granzyme B
  • Human pegivirus-1
  • Stem cell
  • Transplantation
  • Humans
  • GB virus C
  • Cohort Studies
  • Transplantation, Homologous
  • Killer Cells, Natural
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects
Funding
  • Fondation Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny -
  • Fondation Gustave & Simone Prévot -
  • Dubois-Ferrière-Dinu-Lipatti Foundation -
  • Choose Life Foundation -
  • Geneva Cancer League - [LGC 20 11]
Citation (ISO format)
PRADIER, Amandine et al. Human pegivirus-1 replication influences NK cell reconstitution after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: Frontiers in immunology, 2022, vol. 13, p. 1060886. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1060886
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Identifiers
ISSN of the journal1664-3224
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