Affective neurosciences have largely contributed to the elaboration of theoretical and neuroanatomical models through research conducted in non-primate animals and human beings. However, for methodological and historical reasons, knowledge has developed by focusing mainly on the cerebral cortex, resulting in a lack of investigations of the functional aspects of subcortical structures such as the cerebellum and the basal ganglia. The close anatomical connections revealed between these two structures, as well as their reciprocal connections with the cerebral cortex, lead to a vertically organized model of the brain. Both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia are involved in the different components required during an emotional episode. Their respective specificity in the analysis of temporal patterns contributes to the optimal processing of emotional signals such as those that can be conveyed by the voice (emotional prosody). Internal temporally structured event representation, built from the salient modulation extractions performed by the cerebellum, is used by the basal ganglia to recruit and synchronize the activity of the cortical and subcortical structures required for the relevant processes.