Over the past decades, the field of quantum technologies has been developed from fundamental quantum mechanical experiments. The ability to control and manipulate physical systems at the level of single quanta is at the heart of the modern-day quantum revolution, enabling the use of quantum mechanical systems and phenomena for communication and computation. In particular, quantum entanglement is a key ingredient for the real-world implementation of future quantum networks. In this thesis, protocols for the certification and distribution of photonic entanglement based on single photons are demonstrated. First, a benchmark for single-photon sources is presented, followed by an implementation of an improved heralded single-photon source with a photon-number resolving heralding detector. Second, the scalable certification and heralded distribution of single-photon path entanglement are experimentally demonstrated. Last, a scheme for the distribution of polarisation-entangled photons is implemented and future research directions are discussed.